The Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, more commonly just referred to as the Duomo, was built between 1296 and 1436. Its most famous feature is probably Filippo Brunelleschi's dome, which is not visible in this shot but is in some of the others.

However a lot of this marble facade was in fact the creation of Emilio De Fabris, whose design (using red, white and green marble in a similar colour scheme to Giotto's Campanile which was seen in shot 015614. He won the commission in 1871.

It's hard to make out in the resized image, but I do wonder who the guy up near the roof is; the one who is leaning out and wagging his finger at us. I'm sure that when the sculpture was created the sculptor had a genuine belief that everyone who saw it would understand its significance. For a time they may well have, along with all of the other religious symbology on the facade. But I can't find any reference to the sculpture in a web search (granted, I didn't put in a huge amount of effort); however it tells me that the significance may have become a bit lost over the years. It's rather like an assumption that the iconography of our own age will last forever. Such an assumption would most likely sit somewhere between optimism and arrogance.