a - head; COTE - crown: front white and back black (or crown partially peppered ); forehead white; nape part of cap black; FOTE - black ‘bandit mask’, crown and forehead whitish to blackish (peppered), nape part of cap grayish to peppered, not solid black

b - ‘carpal bar’; COTE - YES (well defined during this time of the year); FOTE - NO (but juvenile FOTE can show pale carpal bar)

c - primary molt; COTE adult inner primaries new, outer primaries old (in the middle of primary molt); FOTE (adult) completed or about to finish with outermost primaries shed or growing; juvenile FOTE has all dark juvenile primaries)

g - legs (only shown in roosting birds); COTE - shorter and dark red; FOTE - longer and orange to orange red.