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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(Y-DNA)
2 path expansion
Monuments
Mon 1
FLR 1-5 H2m2 U5b2b3a (FLR001)
Mon 8 (father and son)
FLR 8-5 H2m2 J2b1a (FLR002)
FLR 8-6 H2m2 U5b1c (FLR008)
Mon 26
FLR 26-5 H2m2 K1b1 (FLR004)
Mon 24
FLR 24-5 H2* K1a+195 (FLR009)
Mon 35
FLR 35-5 H2m2 K1a+195 (FLR014)
Mon 31
FLR 31-5A I2a1a2 U8a1
FLR 31-5B female J2b1d (FLR013)
https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2120786119
Ancient DNA gives new insights into a Norman Neolithic
monumental cemetery dedicated to male elites
Nine page report with charts and photos.
The Middle Neolithic in western Europe is characterized by monumental funerary
structures, known as megaliths, along the Atlantic fac¸ade. The first manifestations of
this phenomenon occurred in modern-day France with the long mounds of the Cerny
culture. Here, we present genome-wide data from the fifth-millennium BCE site of
Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy (France), famous for its impressively long monuments
built for selected individuals. The site encompasses 32 monuments of variable sizes,
containing the burials of 19 individuals from the Neolithic period. To address who was
buried at the site, we generated genome-wide data for 14 individuals, of whom 13 are
males, completing previously published data [M. Rivollat et al., Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz5344
(2020)]. Population genetic and Y chromosome analyses show that the Fleury-sur-Orne
group fits within western European Neolithic genetic diversity and that the arrival of a
new group is detected after 4,000 calibrated BCE. The results of analyzing uniparentally inherited markers and an overall low number of long runs of homozygosity suggest
a patrilineal group practicing female exogamy. We find two pairs of individuals to be
father and son, buried together in the same monument/grave. No other biological relationship can link monuments together, suggesting that each monument was dedicated
to a genetically independent lineage. The combined data and documented father–son
line of descent suggest a male-mediated transmission of sociopolitical authority. However, a single female buried with an arrowhead, otherwise considered a symbol of power
of the male elite of the Cerny culture, questions a strictly biological sex bias in the burial
rites of this otherwise “masculine” monumental cemetery
https://www.livescience.com/neolithic-woman-warrior-burial-france
The mysterious 6,500-year-old burial of a woman and several arrowheads in northern France may reveal details of how women were regarded in that society during the Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, a new study finds.
The researchers investigated giant graves known as "long barrows" — large earthen mounds, often hundreds of feet long and sometimes retained by wooden palisades that have since rotted away. Of the 19 human burials in the Neolithic cemetery at Fleury-sur-Orne in Normandy, the team analyzed the DNA of 14 individuals; but only one was female.
https://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/neolithic/
The funerary monuments of Egypt are perhaps the best known examples of early colossal architecture. Few realize, however, that millennia before the first pyramids Neolithic peoples in France were constructing huge structures to house their dead and mark territorial boundaries. If this phenomenon is not well known, it is only because these buildings no longer exist. Only aerial photographs have detected their remains. Perhaps because of this, study of the Cerny people, the monument-builders of Neolithic France, is fairly recent. Until 35 years ago, no one had even imagined such a culture existed.
The Cerny people were the brilliant intuition of Gerard Bailloud, a director of research at France's National Center for Scientific Research, who in 1964 first hypothesized their existence in the book The Neolithic in the Parisian Basin. Four years earlier, he had been brought a handful of ceramic sherds collected in a field in Cerny, a village 25 miles south of Paris, and he saw them as evidence of a heretofore unknown civilization. While the Cerny group fit into his explanatory scheme for the Neolithic in the Parisian basin, he added a caveat: "No tomb can be assigned to the Cerny type with certainty."
https://popular-archaeology.com/article/dna-analysis-of-neolithic-burial-monuments/
DNA analysis of Neolithic burial monuments
Mon, Apr 25, 2022 SHARE ON: Twitter Facebook
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences—Analysis of ancient DNA brings to light the nature of burials in some of the colossal burial mounds in Neolithic France, according to a study. In Normandy, France, monumental burial mounds from the Cerny culture represent some of the earliest funeral structures in western Europe. The earthen barrows can reach up to 300 meters in length and are often built for a single individual and sometimes for two people. Maïté Rivollat, Aline Thomas, and colleagues analyzed ancient DNA to examine the social organization of 14 of the 19 individuals buried at Fleury-sur-Orne, a cemetery which was mainly used from 4600 to 4300 BCE. Previous research has found that Cerny burials in the Paris Basin contained similar numbers of men and women, but 13 of the 14 individuals analyzed at Fleury-sur-Orne were male. The sole female was buried with arrowheads, a symbol typically associated with elite males in the Cerny culture. Two pairs of individuals—one pair buried together in the same monument and another pair buried in the same tomb—were identified as father and son. The rest of the burials were from genetically independent lineages. All individuals had a higher within-group than regional group affinity and were likely more closely related to each other than to other regional groups. According to the authors, the predominance of males and the symbolism of the female burial indicate the importance of male identity and lineages in this regional expression of Cerny culture.
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