Signal Hill became the site of harbour defences from the 18th century through the 2nd World War.
The last battle of the 7 Years' War was fought here in 1762. Ruins of later 19th century military buildings can still be seen.
The 1st known defences of St. John's harbour were shore batteries on either side of the Narrows to protect St. John's against naval attack.
St. John's fell to the French in 1696, 1705 and in 1709. In 1713, a treaty recognized British sovereignty, temporarily ending conflict between Britain & France.

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