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Phil Douglis | all galleries >> Galleries >> Gallery Nine: Composition -- putting it together > On the march, Emperor Qin’s Tomb, Xian, China, 2004
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21-JUN-2004

On the march, Emperor Qin’s Tomb, Xian, China, 2004

Twenty-five of the 6,000 life-sized terracotta soldiers guarding the underground tomb of China’s first emperor appear to be on the move in this image. By zooming in with a telephoto lens on just one small part of one rank, and then tilting my camera, I create diagonal flow from upper left to lower right, which gives the soldiers a sense of movement. The most important details in this picture are the faces, no two of which are alike, and the hands, which help bring the bodies to life. The right hands once carried actual spears, and the left hands seem to swing freely in the air. The free left hand of the soldier in the fourth row at far right is the focal point of the picture because it is the only hand with much space around it. The eye goes to that hand, and the picture takes its energy from it, because that is the spot of the most tension. As we compose our images, we must always be aware of where tension is coming from, and do whatever we can to draw the eye to it. In this picture, the line of the trench on the right hand side of the picture and the file of soldiers closet to it, provides the hardest edge in the image. The right hand of that soldier is suspended in the air directly against that edge. That’s why it is the point of maximum tension, and that’s why I organized this picture as I did.

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Phil Douglis01-Apr-2005 03:15
Thanks, Benchang, for asking these questions. I use the word "tension" to describe the interaction of opposing elements to create a form of energy. In this image, the lone hand, surrounded by the darkness of negative space that surrounds it at upper right, is energizing these warriors. It seems to make them almost come to life.

In the shot of seasonal contrasts athttp://www.pbase.com/pnd1/image/35604505, the tension is highest in the lower left hand corner, where the snow covered red plants and leaves flow into each other. Once again, opposites are interacting. In this picture it was pottery and dark space. In the leaves and snow comparison, it is yellowish orange, white and pinkish white. You will note that, at your excellent suggestion, I did crop that picture somewhat to narrow the thickness of the snow at the corner, but I did not eliminate it altogether, as you asked. To me, the "spot of tension" created by the tiny patch of white snow sitting in the lower left hand corner of that picture, helps create the energy that draws the viewer's eye flow along that sloping diagonal line of bushes defining the contrasting seasons.
Benchang Tang 01-Apr-2005 02:14
Thank you for the teaching about "tension" in this lesson in your dialogue with Dandan and others. I really did not notice it before. Actually I was almost about to question about it after I read "a spot of tension" on the pagehttp://www.pbase.com/pnd1/image/35604505 when I read you response to me. When I tried to take a little off the bottom of the picture I did not realize the tension and I found the contrast of the snow and the leaves is a little too heavy due to their mass volume. Can you explain a little more about the tension in that corner as you mentioned there.
In this the the tension you mentioned can also be picked out because it is near the upper center of the picture, am I right? Sorry here I have raised too many questions.
Phil Douglis11-Jan-2005 19:43
You've got it, Dandan! Your explanation is right on target. This gives you still something else to think about when making your pictures, right?
Guest 11-Jan-2005 10:25
Phil, I got it. By narrowing the “negative space” of a subject, you created tension. Thus, no matter where is the tension point is on the image, it becomes the focal point of that image. That always brings intensity to it too. That is the energy generated by the tension.
Phil Douglis10-Jan-2005 23:39
Here's an exercise for you, Dandan. Bring both of your hands up to your face. Face the palms towards each other. Now bring them slowly together, but do not let them touch each other. Bring them as close as you can to each other without touching. Look at the narrow space between them. That is negative space, but it is throbbing with tension, isn't it? It just crackles. You can almost feel the heat. Now look at the fingers of that warrior. The are surrounded by negative space, yet he seem as if he about to tap the guy in front of him on the shoulder. That, too, is tension.
So it is not just negative space that creates tension, but rather the tiny amount of negative space that flows between two subjects. Does that help?

Here are some more examples for you. Look at the relationship of the heel of the woman to the sidewalk in my picture of Amsterdam shoppers at:http://www.pbase.com/pnd1/image/20798534 Do you feel the energy that heel creates through tension, how it draws the eye and holds it.

Now look at the negative space between the Ferris Wheel and the flying Booster Ride in my shot of a carnival at:http://www.pbase.com/pnd1/image/20798311 Do you feel the energy and tension crackling between them, as well?

And finally look at the flow of white negative space that separates these shoppers from each other, from the window they are looking into, and from the awning over their head, in my Portugese street scene at:http://www.pbase.com/pnd1/image/33919665 There is tension there as well.

Hope this helps cement this concept in your mind, Dandan.
Guest 10-Jan-2005 22:07
The “negative space” created the tension! I think I understand now (just like I thought I understood from the “Gilded Dome” last time :-D ). Well, I guess I have to wait until I see the next “tension” picture to know if I could really get it… Thanks Phil!
Phil Douglis09-Jan-2005 23:02
To answer your question, Dandan, it is not just a matter of how close the hand might be to the trench (without actually touching it) that creates the tension, but rather how the flow of energy around that hand is generated. There is a generous flow of black negative space around the hand of the soldier in the fourth row that is not present around the hand of the solider in the second row. In fact, now that you have made me study it again, I see the space between its fingers and the shoulder of the soldier in front of him to be the exact spot of maximum tension. It fairly crackles. To me, it would seem that much more energy is generated by the flow of that KIND OF negative space, than in the limited amount of negative space between the hand of the solider in the second row and the side of the trench. How do you see it?
Guest 09-Jan-2005 14:08
Ok,Phil, here is the “tension” again. I thought I understood about “tension” from this image:http://www.pbase.com/pnd1/image/20772607. But reading your caption here, I got confused.
You explained in the “Gilded Domes” that tension is created because your tighten the negative space between the gold dome and it the black neighbor, same as the space between the heel of the man about to hit the water in Henri Cariter-Bression’s picture. In the caption of this picture, you said: “The free left hand of the soldier in the fourth row at far right is the focal point of the picture because it is the only hand with much space around it”. My eyes do go to that hand all the time, but I try to understand is: in this image, does tension created by “much space around it” or by the tight space between the hand and the trench? If it’s the latter, the soldier on the second row at far right side has even tighter space between the left hand and the trench, why doesn’t his hand seem to be the focal point here?
Phil Douglis16-Aug-2004 01:41
You have defined here how we recognize tension itself. It is indeed implied action as yet incomplete. That hand that swings free looks as if it is going to touch the edge of the trench, but it has stopped just short of it, calling our attention to the negative space left around it. We can anticipate the sources of such tension, by studying those spaces left between things in our pictures. As such spaces tighten, due to either the movement of the subject or a change in camera position, the tension increases. My favorite example of tension produced by tightening negative space is the late Henri Cartier-Bresson's 1932 masterpiece "Behind Gare St. Lazare. Here's a link to it:
http://www.magnumphotos.com/c/htm/CDocZ_MAG.aspx?Stat=DocThumb_DocZoom&o=&DT=ALB&E=29YL53KGUTK&Pass=&Total=349&Pic=18&SubE=2S5RYDI9CNRQ

Look at the space between the heel of the man about to hit the water and its reflection. Negative space does not tighten much closer than that! And that is what Cartier-Bresson's decisive moment was all about: the moment of maximum tension!
Guest 15-Aug-2004 03:07
You mention "tension". How does one find/recognize tension? Can the photographer create it? I'm not sure where it comes from. My first thought is that tension in a photograph is created by an implied action as yet incomplete but there is no action taking place here. That said, my eye is certainly drawn to the hand you refer to!

This is a different take on a frequently photographed site. The introduction of the diagonal adds energy. I like it!
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