ssp. niloticus.

Differs from senator (south European mainland to W-Turkey) in larger white flash at
base of primaries (in males 17-21 mm. p beyond primary coverts (10-16 in senator), broader white
base to tail, and whiter underparts with restricted amount of pinkish or buff in flanks. Males often
shows complete black forehead (normally some white in European birds). Further differences are
complete body boult in all ages in autumn; senator 1 years then in juvenile plumage (Lefranc &
Worfolk 1997 and Malling Olsen 2007 in trip report).