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Joao Pedro Assumpcao Bastos | profile | all galleries >> My Camera Collection >> Contax : the other family with German blood tree view | thumbnails | slideshow

Contax : the other family with German blood

Português:
Uma das grandes marcas alemãs é a Contax, oriunda da prestigiosa Carl Zeiss. Assim como para a Leica R, vamos fazer um texto sucinto sobre esse equipamento. Carl Zeiss, atenta à ascensão do filme 135mm, produziu câmeras a telêmetro (II, IIa, III e IIIa) que faziam concorrência às Leicas entre os anos 1930s e 1960s. Havia projetos para máquinas reflex mas, com a Segunda Guerra, isso foi postergado. Após 1945, Carl Zeiss foi seccionada com partes na Alemanha Oriental e Ocidental. Os planos de produzir câmeras reflex renasceu e a Carl Zeiss Dresden-Jena (Alemanha Oriental) produziu, em 1949, a Contax S (S para Spiegelreflex), seguida pela D (D para Dresden e uma das quais apresentadas aqui) e também variantes que saiam da fábrica sob o nome Pentacon (PENTAprism-CONtax). Pelo lado ocidental, as Contax telêmetro continuavam sua produção e as reflex também iniciaram a ser fabricadas nos anos 1950s: as populares Contaflex (entre 1953 e 1971) e a sofisticada Contarex. Eram máquinas caras, complexas e acabaram sucumbindo à concorrência japonesa dos anos 1960s. Em 1974, após uma parceria com a Yashica (e em 1983, com a Kyocera), foi produzida a Contax RTS (aqui apresentada) com uma série de lentes Carl Zeiss, produzidas na Alemanha e Japão. Eram lentes de altíssima qualidade óptica e mecânica. No entanto, pelo preço e outros fatores, a concorrência no mundo profissional era muito difícil com, principalmente, as consolidadas Nikon F e F2. Essa série Contax continuou e em 1982 foi lançada a RTS II. Essa câmera apresentava (relativamente) poucas diferenças com a sua antecessora, mas em 1990, a RTS III (também aqui apresentada) foi comercializada. Essa câmera, era uma grande evolução no sistema RTS, sendo bem mais volumosa, pesada, robusta e alimentada por 6 pilhas AA. Embora fosse uma bela máquina, os sistemas japoneses já estavam, na época, propondo câmeras autofocus como a Canon EOS 1 e a Nikon F4, tecnologicamente bem mais avançadas. Em paralelo com as Contax profissionais havia as mais acessíveis 137 MD, 137 MA, 139, 159, 167 MT, a Aria e a ST (entre 1979 e 1998). Foram também produzidas as S2 (1992) e S2b (1994), com obturadores mecânicos, robustas e caras. Havia, segundo algumas leituras, a vontade de produzir um sistema autofocus pela equipe japonesa, porém a time alemão rejeitava modificar o sacrossanto sistema de lentes Carl Zeiss. Isso levou a duas excelentes câmeras: a Contax RX (1994) que possuía no seu visor um assistente de foco (indicando quando a imagem estava bem focalizada) e a surpreendente AX (1996) que, ao invés de focalizar pela lente, possuía um corpo que se movia (no interior de sua ‘casca’ externa) para ajustar o foco. Era uma construção muito complexa pois necessitava a translação do conjunto filme, obturador, espelho e prisma. Vale a pena observar que a Contax RX (há uma na minha coleção) era – e é - uma das melhores câmeras que conheço; é precisa, bem construída, silenciosa, possui excelente visor e ergonomia e um eficiente modo de memorização de exposição. Para mim, ainda é um imenso prazer utilizar essa câmera. Finalmente, foi construída a Contax N1 (2000), uma câmera com lentes autofocus como nas outras marcas. O plano consistia em que esse sistema servisse de base para o que seria primeira digital Full-Frame, a Contax N Digital. Isso foi anunciado em 2000 mas, após atrasos, a câmera somente foi comercializada em 2002. Esta câmera de 6 Mp (com sensor CCD fabricado pela Philips) sofreu muitas críticas da imprensa. Na realidade, era uma ideia ambiciosa demais para a tecnologia da época e para a capacidade financeira do grupo Kyocera que decidiu por descontinuar completamente a fabricação de câmeras. Lamentavelmente. Para registro, no final de 2001, a Canon lançou a bem-sucedida EOS-1D, a primeira digital profissional que tinha um sensor CCD de 4.15 Mp e 1,3 menor que 24x36mm.
English:
One of the most important camera brands in Germany is Contax, having the prestigious Carl Zeiss pedigree. As for the Leica R description, we propose here a very succinct text. Carl Zeiss, aware of the 135mm film rise, produced rangefinder cameras (II, IIa, III e IIIa) for facing Leica between the 1930s and 1960s. There were reflex projects but, with the WW II, it was postponed. After 1945, Carl Zeiss was divided in two parts: Oriental (RDA) and Occidental (RFA) Germany. The production of reflex cameras started with Carl Zeiss Dresden-Jena (RDA), in 1949, with the Contax S (S for Spiegelreflex), followed by the Contax D (D for Dresden) and some variations under the name Pentacon (PENTAprism-CONtax). In the RFA, the rangefinder cameras still were in production and the reflex started in the 1950s with the popular Contaflex (between 1953 and 1971) and the much more sophisticate Contarex. Such cameras were expensive, complex and could hardly compete with the Japanese brands in the 1960s. In 1974, having a partnership with Yashica (and later with Kyocera, in 1983) the Contax RTS was launched with a series of Carl Zeiss lenses, produced in Germany and Japan. The lenses were optically and mechanically excellent, but very expensive. However, by price and other factors, the Contax system could not face, in the professional market, more efficient and consolidate cameras as, for instance, the Nikons F and F2. The RTS series continued with the RTS II (1982, with minor changes compared to the original RTS) and the RTS III (1990) which was indeed a more advanced camera, very robust, larger, heavier and fed by 6 AA batteries. In spite of being an excellent camera, the Japanese brands were, at the time, proposing, for instance, the autofocus Canon EOS 1 and the Nikon F4, technologically more advanced. In parallel with the professional line, Contax produced the more accessible models 137 MD, 137 MA, 139, 159, 167 MT, Aria and ST (between 1979 and 1998). Also, there were the S2 (1992) and S2b (1994), with mechanical shutters, very robust but also expensive. According some texts, there was the wish of manufacturing and autofocus system by the Japanese Contax team, but the German one rejected the idea for not touching the sacrosanct Carl Zeiss lenses. This ‘battle’ had, as result, two very interesting cameras: the Contax RX (1994), having a focus assistant (indicating in the viewfinder when the subject is on focus) and the amazing Contax AX (1996). The latter, instead of moving the lens for focusing, moved the entire body (inside the external shield) for adjusting the focus. It was a very complex engineering where film, shutter, prism and mirror translate for focusing the subject. The Contax RX (also in my collection) was – and still is – one of the best cameras ever, in my opinion: precise, well built, silent and with a very good exposure memorization system. Using the RX still is a great pleasure. Finally, a real autofocus system was produced: the Contax N1 with some lenses. Such a system was intended to be the basis for a digital Contax camera, which would be the first one with a full-frame 24x36mm sensor. The Contax N Digital was announced in 2000 but, after some delays it was marketed in 2002, having a bad press criticism. It had a 6 Mp FF sensor (a CCD manufactured by Philips). In reality, this project was too ambitious for the technology of the early 2000s and also beyond the financial capability of Kyocera company. Then, the production of entire Contax line was stopped. Sadly. Let us notice that in November 2001, Canon launched the very successful Canon EOS 1D, the first professional digital camera having a 4.15 Mp CCD sensor with a 1.3 crop factor.
My Contax cameras : RX (back, left), RTS III (back, right), 167 MT (front, left) and RTS (front, right).
My Contax cameras : RX (back, left), RTS III (back, right), 167 MT (front, left) and RTS (front, right).
Contax RTS (1974, first model). The front leatherette tends to get apart.
Contax RTS (1974, first model). The front leatherette tends to get apart.
The same RTS, here, with the repaired leatherette.
The same RTS, here, with the repaired leatherette.
Contax 167 MT; very good camera, fed by 4 AAA batteries.
Contax 167 MT; very good camera, fed by 4 AAA batteries.
My favorite one: Contax RX (1994).
My favorite one: Contax RX (1994).
The mighty Contax RTS III (1990); a gift given by Arnulf Kost, 'le berlinois' .
The mighty Contax RTS III (1990); a gift given by Arnulf Kost, 'le berlinois' .
The Contax RTS III has a vacuum system in the back, for film planity.
The Contax RTS III has a vacuum system in the back, for film planity.
My superb Contax lenses: 25/2.8, 28/2, 35/2.8, 50/1.7, 85/2.8, 135/2.8, 28-70/3.5-4.5 and 35-70/3.4.
My superb Contax lenses: 25/2.8, 28/2, 35/2.8, 50/1.7, 85/2.8, 135/2.8, 28-70/3.5-4.5 and 35-70/3.4.
I have two inexpensive lenses: the Vivitar 70-150mm (left) and the Tokina 70-210mm (right); both perform quite well.
I have two inexpensive lenses: the Vivitar 70-150mm (left) and the Tokina 70-210mm (right); both perform quite well.
The Canon 6D allows using the Contax lenses through adaptors (each lens needs an adaptor).
The Canon 6D allows using the Contax lenses through adaptors (each lens needs an adaptor).
The origin : Contax D, manufactured in Dresden (approximatelly 1949).
The origin : Contax D, manufactured in Dresden (approximatelly 1949).
 Contax D, back; it has a complex shutter mechanism (in the dial, one chooses the slow and fast speeds).
Contax D, back; it has a complex shutter mechanism (in the dial, one chooses the slow and fast speeds).
My Contaflex cameras ; the Contaflex Super (1956, left) and the Contaflex Super BC (1965).
My Contaflex cameras ; the Contaflex Super (1956, left) and the Contaflex Super BC (1965).
The Contaflex system has a fixed lenses group in the back;  the front can be changed for different focal lengths.
The Contaflex system has a fixed lenses group in the back; the front can be changed for different focal lengths.
The Contaflex Super BC with the basis lenses group.
The Contaflex Super BC with the basis lenses group.
The Contaflex Super BC with the 35mm frontal lens group.
The Contaflex Super BC with the 35mm frontal lens group.
The Contaflex Super BC (1965) with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super BC (1965) with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super BC with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super BC with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.
The Contaflex Super with the Tessar 50/2.8 lens.