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914-6 GT | profile | all galleries >> NP - The 914-6 GT Project >> NP Shop Tools >> NP Lincoln Electric Square Wave Tig-355 AC/DC (GTAW, SMAW) >> Lincoln Electric Square Wave Operator's Manual

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Lincoln Electric Square Wave Operator's Manual

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User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 1	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 2	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 3	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 4	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 5	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 6
User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 7	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 8	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 9	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 10	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 11	User Manual - Lincoln Square Wave Tig 355 - Page 12
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914-6 GT		09-Dec-2012 07:08
What is TIG welding? Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is basically a welding process that works with the help of a tungsten electrode. TIG stands for Tungsten Inert Gas and is technically called Gas Tungsten Arc Welding or GTAW. The process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode that delivers the current to the welding arc. A shielding gas, such as Argon gas is used to protect the weld area from atmospheric contamination. A filler metal is normally used. TIG welding is most commonly used to weld thin sections of stainless steel and non- ferrous metals such as aluminium, magnesium, and copper alloys. The process grants the operator greater control over the weld than when comparing it to procedures such as Mig and Gas welding. One can get two types of TIG welders, such as a DC (direct current), which are generally used for the welding of ferrous types of metals and the other being the AC/DC (alternating current, direct current) which can weld most types of metals, such as non-ferrous and ferrous.

914-6 GT		09-Dec-2012 07:07
What is arc welding? Arc welding, also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA) or stick welding, uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The electrode rod is made of a material that is compatible with the base material being welded and is covered with a flux that protects the weld area from oxidation and contamination by producing CO2 gas during the welding process. There are generally two types of arc welders available, namely: AC (alternating current), such as an air cooled or oil cooled AC welder or a DC (direct current), such as an inverter welder which uses an air cooling system for cooling. Furthermore, arc welding process is generally limited to welding ferrous metals, though specialty electrodes have made possible the welding of cast iron, nickel, aluminium, copper and other metals, which are non ferrous metals. The versatility of the method makes it popular in a number of applications including repair work and construction.

914-6 GT		09-Dec-2012 07:06
What is spot welding? Spot welding is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current flow. Work pieces are held together under pressure exerted by electrodes. The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current into a small “spot” and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together. Forcing a large current through the spot will melt the metal and form the weld. A spot welding machine normally consists of tool and electrodes, which are mechanisms for making and holding contact at the weld. Tool holders have two functions: to hold the electrode firmly in place and to support water hoses that provide cooling of the electrodes. The attractive feature of spot welding is a lot of energy can be delivered to the spot in very short time. That permits welding to occur without excessive heating to the rest of the sheet. Spot welding is typically used for the welding of thin sheets of metal together, within a range from 0.5 to 3 mm (0.020 to 0.12 inch). The amount of heat (energy) delivered to the spot weld is determined by the resistance between the electrodes and the amplitude and duration of the current. The amount of energy is chosen to match the sheet’s material properties, its thickness, and type of electrodes. Applying too little energy won’t melt the metal or will make a poor weld. Applying too much energy will melt too much metal, eject molten material, and make a hole rather than a weld. Spot welding can be easily identified on many sheet metal goods, such as metal buckets. Aluminium alloys can be spot welded, but their much higher thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity requires higher welding currents. Therefore a larger spot welder is required for the spot welding process of aluminium alloys. Weld times range from 0.01 seconds to 0.63 seconds, depending on the thickness of the metal, the electrode force and the diameter of the electrodes themselves.

914-6 GT		09-Dec-2012 07:04
What is mig welding? Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process in which a continuous and consumable wire electrode and a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun(mig torch).Also known as a CO2 welder. A constant voltage, direct current power source is most commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems, as well as alternating current, can be used. The most common gases used are carbon dioxide for general purpose welding. It is the cheapest of the welding gases, and creates a good weld. On a MIG welder you can adjust the voltage, amperage and speed at which the wire is fed through the welder. The tensioner on the welding wire is variable as well. They will also have a valve to control the flow of gas, which will be the flow meter on the gas bottle. It is also possible to use a MIG welder without shielding gas. This process is called flux core arc welding (FCAW). Most welders have the option of switching the polarity of the welding arc for use with flux cored wire. In this welding process the welding wire has a hollow core that is filled with flux. Flux cored arc welding can be done outside, because there is no need to worry about the shielding gas being blown away. The flux core wire has a hotter arc and therefore can be used to weld thicker pieces of metal. The disadvantages of FCAW are that you have to remove and clean the slag from the weld, similar to welding with a standard stick welder. Because of its hotter arc force, it cannot generally be used to weld thinner sheet metal and other light metals. MIG welders can be used to weld aluminium, tin, copper, zinc and brass and steel. There are dozens of different compositions of MIG welding wire to choose from. When welding the non ferrous metals, it is advisable to change the Teflon liner, which is situated inside the MIG torch. The reason for this is that generally the welding wire used for this process is a lot softer, and tends to kink easily. MIG welders are the ideal choice if you only want to buy one welder, and still be able to weld on a variety of metals. If you want to start welding, a MIG welder would probably be your best choice for a welder that is very versatile and easy to learn on.

914-6 GT		09-Dec-2012 07:01
What is duty cycle? Duty cycle is a welding equipment specification which defines the number of minutes, within a 10 minute period, during which a given welder can safely produce a particular welding current. For example: a 200 amp welder with a 60 % duty cycle must be “rested” for at least 4 minutes after 6 minutes of continuous welding. The less amperage draws one uses from the welder, the higher the duty cycle. Failure to carefully observe duty cycle limitations can easily over stress a welder’s power generation system contributing to premature welder failure. Many welders do not have internal protection systems that prevent this sort of over stress, therefore leaving the task to the owner or operator.

914-6 GT		09-Dec-2012 07:00
What is a welding machine? Welding machine. This is the term used to describe the machine which converts 220-380 volt AC (alternating current) electricity to welding voltage, typically 40-70 volts AC, but also a range of DC (direct current) voltages. It generally consists of a large, heavy transformer, a voltage regulator circuit, an internal cooling fan or oil cooled system, and an amperage range selector. The term welder applies to a person doing the welding. A welding machine requires a welder to operate it.

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