The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a member of the Old World sparrow family Passeridae. It occurs naturally in most of Europe, the Mediterranean basin, and much of Asia.The House Sparrow is a chunky bird,ranging from 14–18 centimetres in length, and from 24–39.5 grams in mass, depending on sex, subspecies, and environment. Females average smaller than males, and southern birds are smaller than their northern counterparts, though altitude may be equally important.Like most of the members of its genus, the House Sparrow is sexually dimorphic.It is primarily found near human habitations and in agricultural areas, but in some areas it is found away from settlements, or even is independent of humans. In warm areas in the Mediterranean, parts of Western Asia, and eastern Australia it is found away from towns in cultivation, in scrubland, and around cliffs. The migratory Himalayan and Central Asian subspecies are frequently found away from settlements, in some areas exclusively so.The House Sparrow is largely a granivorous species, eating the seeds of grains and weeds, but it is opportunistic and adaptable, and eats whatever foods are available.
The House Sparrow is a monogamous species, typically mating for life—though pairs often engage in extra-pair copulations, and lost mates are quickly replaced during the breeding season. The nesting site is varied; under eaves, in holes in masonry or rocks, in ivy or creepers on houses or banks, on the sea-cliffs, or in bushes in bays and inlets. When built in holes or ivy, the nest is an untidy litter of straw and rubbish, abundantly filled with feathers. Large, well-constructed domed nests are often built when the bird nests in trees or shrubs, especially in rural areas.

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