The Venetians built a fortress on the island in 1579. In 1669, the Turks captured the town of Handakas and became the rulers of Crete. Spinalonga would resist for 46 years more, until 1715 when the Turks eventualy took the island after a long siege.
It is now probably better known because from 1912 to 1958, the islet served as a sanatorium for the lepers of Crete.