Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) (also referred to as slush powder) are polymers that may absorb and retain extremely massive amounts of a liquid relative to their own mass.Water absorbing polymers, that are classified as hydrogels when cross-linked, absorb aqueous solutions by hydrogen bonding with water molecules. 20. Memar, M.R., and Mojaddam, M. 2015. The effect of irrigation intervals and totally different quantities of tremendous absorption on the on yield and yield elements of sesame in hamidiyeh weather conditions. 22. Mokhtari, N., Mokhtari, M., and Avazpour, A. 2015. Effect of different ranges of drought stress and super-adsorbent hydrogels on yield and yield parts of Chita beans in yasouj area (Phaseolus vulgaris). 11. Kabiri, K. 2002. Acrylic superabsorbent hydrogels. 25. Rafiei, F., Nourmohammadi, G., Chokan, R., Kashani, A., and Haidari Sharif Abad, H. 2013. Investigation of superabsorbent polymer usage on maize beneath water stress. 12. Kang, S.Z., Shi, P., Pan, Y.H., Liang, Z.S., Hu, X.T., and Zhang, J. 2000. Soil water distribution, uniformity and water use efficiency under alternate furrow irrigation in arid areas. 17. Lizana, C., Wentworth, M., Martinez, J.P., Villegas, D., Meneses, R., Murchie, E.H., Pastenes, C., Lercari, B., Vernieri, P., Horton, P., and Pinto, M., 2006. Differential adaptation of two styles of common bean to abiotic stress.

4. Azadi, A., Naderi, A., Pezeshpor, P., and Modhej, M. 2016. Effect of supplemental irrigation, vermicompost and tremendous absorbent on grain yield and lentil protein properties as autumn planting. 15. Khorramian, M. 2002. Effect of deficit irrigation by alternate furrow irrigation method on the efficiency on the corn yield in the north Khuzestan. 5. Bahrani, A., and Pourreza, J. 2016. Effect of alternate furrow irrigation and potassium fertilizer on seed yield, water use efficiency and fatty acids of rapeseed. It confirmed that optimum reaction condition is the quantity of cellulose, AA, AM and BMA is 10g, 4.5g, 2g and 1.5g respectively, the amount of initiator (potassium persulfate) and N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide is 0.01g and 0.012g, the pH worth of AA after neutralization is 7. The water absorbency to distilled water, faucet water and salt answer of super absorbent polymer which was prepared underneath these conditions is 770g/g, 113g/g and 86g/g respectively. Optimum quantity of the superabsorbent polymer must be thought-about if the focus is the concrete energy. Furthermore, the evolution course of was also studied for the relative humidity contained in the concrete.

Publications University of Mashhad. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Giessen, Germany. MSc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. 3rd Specilized Training Course and Seminar on the appliance of Superabsorbent Hydrogel in Agriculture. United States Department of Agriculture. 16. water absorbing crystals polymers , H. 2006. Effect of water limitation on development charge, grain filling and yield on three pinto bean cultivar. 29. Shahram, A., and Daneshi, N. 2005. The most acceptable irrigation interval and the amount of water wanted in white bean cropping. In many a part of Iran, the reproductive progress stages of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) are uncovered to water deficit stress. The SAP had little impact on shoot dry mass beneath adequate and moderate irrigation however elevated it significantly by 133.5% below deficit irrigation. Marashi, K. 2017. Effect of superabsorbent polymer on grain yield and some physiological characteristics of spring maize (Zea mays L.) underneath water deficit tension situations. 23. Moslemi, Z, Habibi, D., Asgharzadeh, A., Ardakani, M.R., Mohammadi, A., and Sakari, A. 2012. Effects of super absorbent polymer and plant progress promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of maize under drought stress and normal situations.

The use of super absorbent polymer increased the linoleic acid content, however decreased different components. 26. Roustaie, K., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., Khadem, S., and Owliaie, H. 2012. Effect of different super absorbent polymer and animal manure ratios on the quantitative and qualitative traits of soybean underneath drought stress. 14. Khadem, S.A., Ghalavi, M., Ramroodi, M., Mousavi, S.R., Rousta, M.J., and Rezvani Moghadam, P. 2011. Effect of animal manure and superabsorbent polymer on yield and yield parts on corn (Zea mays L.). 19. Mahdavi, F., Esmaeili, M.A., Fallah A., and Pirdashti, H. 2006. Study of morphological characteristics, physiological indices, grain yield and its elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces and improved cultivars 7(4): 280-297. (In Persian with English Summary). I. Effect of drought on yield and photosynthesis. 28. Salar, N, Farahpour, M., and Bahari, F. 2005. The effect of water-soluble polymer on irrigation intervals on melon. 30. Shekari, F., Baljani, R., Saba, J., Afsahi, V., and Shekari, F. 2009. The impact of salicylic acid on growth traits of Borage (Borago officinalis L.).