From 1999 to 2018, the pharmaceutical and health product industry contributed $414 million to federal (presidential and congressional) candidates, nationwide occasion committees, and outdoors spending groups (Figure 2). This included $152 million in contributions from people affiliated with the health care business, $165 million from political action committees, and $96 million in soft money contributions and donations to outside spending teams.


おすすめのソフト闇金はこちら signifies political motion committee.
aData from the center for Responsive Politics.23 Quantities have been inflation adjusted to 2018 dollars utilizing the US Shopper Value Index.

bContributions from individual members, employees, or house owners of companies or organizations in an industry or from their fast family members; there are limits on individual contributions to candidates and nationwide celebration committees throughout elections.

cPACs pool marketing campaign contributions from members of firms, labor unions, and ideological groups and disburse the funds to political candidates and nationwide occasion committees; there are limits on PAC contributions to candidates and national party committees during elections.

dSoft money contributions (banned as of November 6, 2002) and donations to exterior spending groups and Levin funds. Outdoors spending teams, which embody so-called tremendous PACs, function independently of and never in coordination with candidates’ committees; spending by outdoors teams is basically unregulated and limitless.

eEach yr corresponds to a 2-year election cycle; eg, 2000 refers to January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2000. Presidential elections occurred in 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2016.

Excluding contributions to outside spending groups, the trade donated $367 million to get together candidates and committees ($216 million [58.9%] to Republicans; $151 million [41.1%] to Democrats), with more money going to Republicans than to Democrats in all however 2 election cycles (2008 and 2010). The 2000 and 2002 election cycles, 2 of 5 cycles with the best spending ranges, coincided with congressional debates on the introduction of Medicare Half D (a prescription drug profit program for seniors) and the 2000 presidential election. The 2 cycles with the very best spending (2012 and 2016) were presidential election years. The 2018 election cycle had the fifth highest spending.

Of the top 20 campaign contributors (Table 1), 15 have been manufacturers of biological or pharmaceutical products, and 1 was the commerce group PhRMA. The opposite four have been AmerisourceBergen (a drug wholesale firm), D.E. Shaw Research (a biochemistry analysis firm), Pharmaceutical Product Growth (a contract research organization), and SlimFast Foods (a producer of nutritional and dietary supplements). Five pharmaceutical companies were amongst the top 10 spenders for each marketing campaign contributions and lobbying: Amgen, Eli Lilly and Firm, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and Pfizer.

Contributions to presidential candidates totaled $22 million. The eTable in the Complement lists the 20 presidential candidates who received essentially the most contributions from people and political motion committees in the pharmaceutical and health product business. Of the $19.3 million contributed to these candidates, the top recipient was Barack Obama ($5.5 million), adopted by Hillary Clinton ($3.7 million), Mitt Romney ($3.Zero million), and George W. Bush ($2.Four million). The next 16 candidates mixed obtained $4.7 million.

Contributions to congressional candidates totaled $214 million. Desk 2 shows the top 20 recipients, in every chamber of Congress, of contributions from people and political action committees in the pharmaceutical and well being product industry. These forty legislators jointly received $45 million (21.0%) of all contributions to congressional candidates; 39 were members of committees with jurisdiction over well being-related legislative issues, and 24 held senior positions in these committees. Of the 20 members of the Home, 17 served on the Energy and Commerce Committee or the Methods and Means Committee. Of the 20 senators, 13 served on the Finance Committee.