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Memorandum All Design Area Personnel J. Kapur August 16, 2002 Bridge Bearing Replacement Arrangements This design memo is planned to clarify the intent of Area 8. 4.3. C. 6 of the Bridge Style Handbook. All bridge bearings besides steel enhanced elastomeric bearings will typically be designed and detailed to accommodate the installation and operation of hydraulic jacks to facilitate bearing replacement.

Some questions have actually occurred regarding the need to accommodate elastomeric bearing replacement at prestressed concrete girder bridge abutments. End type "A" girders (having integral end diaphragms) need not be detailed to accommodate elastomeric bearing replacement. End type "B" girders (having L-type abutments) shall be created and detailed to accommodate elastomeric bearing replacement.

The basic end diaphragms for long span girders may not have sufficient flexural and shear capacity for the jacking operations. The designer shall examine these and provide enough steel support to accommodate shear forces and minutes induced by jacking operations (Girder end types "A" and "B" are portrayed on BDM sheets 6.

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2-A1-6). Incidentally, intermediate piers having steel strengthened elastomeric bearings will likewise be designed and detailed to assist in bearing replacement. Background Girder end type "A" corresponds to bridges having important end diaphragms over abutments. RIVERLAKE are reasonably brief (less then 400 feet). Consequently, the elastomeric bearings are subject to smaller longitudinal shear distortions and rotations.

Girder end type "B" corresponds to bridges having L-type abutments. These structures are normally longer that 400 feet or have large skew angles. Subsequently, they undergo larger longitudinal shear deformations and rotations. The probability of these bearings slipping out and needing resetting or replacement is greater. Basic adjustments having minimal economic effect can be made to girder stops and/or end diaphragms to facilitate hydraulic jack setup and bearing replacement.

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Freyssinet offers a variety of jacking strategies, including applications which overcome issues in both brand-new construction and existing structures or buildings. Jacks can be operated vertically to raise structures but likewise horizontally to move them. Freyssinet's capabilities consist of bridge lifting and sliding, bearing replacement, high strength bar tensioning, load transfer, pre-stressing, control of settlement and settlement jacking, force measurement, and weighing.