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Schloss Lenzburg was first mentioned in 983 as a master seat of the Grafen von Lenzburg, who at that time meaning Lehensherren in the Swiss mainland. In 1173, this was assigned it as Lehen to Kyburger. In 1230, at the foot of the schloss, a market settlement was created. It lasted until 1273 up to the conquest of the Aargaus by the oath comrades in the year 1415 by Habsburg, Austria. From 1444-1788, Landvogt governed. In 1804, one year before the Canton of Aargau was formed, ownership of the castle was transferred.

The castle had been rented from the canton for the following period, until its sale in 1860. For the following period the castle had several owners, including the father of the German poet Frank Wedekind. In 1893 the American owners renovated the castle. In 1956 the canton finally acquired the castle, and converted it into a historical museum