The royal Court of Portugal moved to Brazil in 1808, here remaining until mid-1821.
D. Pedro II, grandson of D. Joao VI - King of Portugal, was born in Brazil.
In 1845, D. Pedro II began the construction of his summer palace, giving rise to the city of Petropolis (city of Pedro)
This is his palace, now Imperial Museum.

Petropolis is almost entirely a historic center, with perfectly preserved constructions dating back to that time.