The green domed building is the great Jewish Synogogue of Florence, known as Tempio Maggiore. The Temple was built between 1874 and 1882, after Jews received full civil rights in Italy . It was damaged in 1944 when the retracting Germans and Italian Fascists tried to destroy it. Fortunately this plot failed, thanks to many Italian partisans, who managed to diffuse most of the explosives. After WW2 it was renovated and restored and has been open for worshiper ever since.