Buick joined the ranks of OHV V8's in 1953 when it introduced a 322 CI engine. The basic design was in production through 1966, with increasing displacements of 364 CI, 401 CI and 425 CI. In 1954 Buick brought out a smaller displacement engine of 264 CI that was used in the 54-55 Buick Special. Due to relatively small valves in the entire engine family, it became known as the "Nailhead."

With the coming of compact cars, Buick brought out a small V8 in 1961, the 215, and the small block series grew to 300, 340 and 350 cubic inches. The 215 was interesting as it's block and heads were aluminum. It was replaced by the 300 in 1964, and lasted until 1968. The 340 was available for two years only, 1966 and 1967, until it was replaced by the 350.

The Nailhead line of engines were replaced after the 1966 model year with an all new design, with what has become known as the Buick Big Blocks of 400 CI, 430 CI, and 455 CI.