The hospital church is first documented in the fourteenth century, though always as a hospital chapel. It bears the addition "to the Holy Spirit" because a hospital order, founded in Montpellier towards the end of the 12th century, chose the Holy Spirit as the patron saint of their order, which was primarily dedicated to the care of the sick and the poor. The Hospitallers of the Holy Spirit thus lent their name to numerous Holy Spirit hospitals.It was first explicitly referred to as a church in 1381, suggesting it was likely expanded around that time. It probably already had a church tower then, although bells and a tower clock are not mentioned until the 16th century. Today, as its name suggests, the top of the tower is adorned with a dove of the Holy Spirit.Towards the end of the century, in 1596, the church underwent extensive renovation and expansion work. Following the completion of the work, it was reconsecrated by the Bishop of Chiemsee. Fifteen years later, the church also received a new bell.In December 1689, a powerful earthquake shook the city of Innsbruck, severely damaging numerous buildings, and the dome of the then-new Jesuit Church collapsed.