The Cerdanya valley is a basin sunk by faults that connect La Seu d'Urgell with Perpignan about 8 million years ago, in which an important lake was formed located in the current sub-region of La Batllia. The marked difference between the sunny, sunnier and steeper soils, and the berry, darker and with a higher forest area, is very evident in the landscape. The ditches are an element of use of the waters of the tributary torrents of the Segre, thanks to which meadows and fields of crops enjoy an excellent state and a greenery, that they would not have.With an average altitude of about 1000 meters above sea level, the Great Valley of the Pyrenees, is one of the largest valleys in Europe from East to West in height. And precisely because of its orientation, it enjoys more than 3000 hours of sunshine during the year. On the other hand, its location and extension in the Pyrenees means that in certain areas of the valley the Atlantic climate predominates and in others, the Mediterranean.
In the heart of Cerdanya is Puigcerdą, which at first glance practically dominates the valley.