The medieval period was of a big development for Teruel, going so far as to reach the important number of 6.000 inhabitants but the great plagues of the Low Middle Age, which affected to the peninsular kingdoms and to the rest of Europe in a so serious way, supposed for Teruel a period of economic decline and an important regression of its population.
When in 1483 the Court of the Inquisition was established in the Aragonese domains, the city of Teruel showed a clear resistance to such a court. Partly because it was cutting its Fueros (Privileges) away, but also because the economy of the city was to a great extent in hands of those who could suffer the consequences more.