In the second half of the 19th century, Barcelona saw spectacular urban and industrial development, as well as economic development, with the growth of the new industrial bourgeoisie, who had a high purchasing power and increased cultural interests. After the Spanish disaster of 1898 and the loss of Cuba, the so-called "indians" returned with large fortunes, cultural concerns and an air of modernity. But the transformation of the city was mostly as a result of the organization of the World Exhibition, which took place in 1888.