Montescaglioso is a town and comune in the Province of Matera, Basilicata, southern Italy.
It is perched on a 365-meter-high hill and overlooking the Bradano River valley.
The hill is dominated by the Benedictine Abbey of San Michele Arcangelo, established in 1065.
The town's economy is mostly based on agriculture, including production of renowned oil and wine, as well as traditional food.