Otto Wagner Hospital - former Steinhof Mental Hospital - was originally a psychiatric hospital and center for pulmonology.
It was built according to the plans of architect Otto Wagner and opened in 1907.
The complex is made up of 60 pavilions that were designed by Carlo von Boog.

In 2000, five health facilities were consolidated under the label Sozialmedizinisches Zentrum Baumgartner Höhe - Otto Wagner Spital mit Pflegezentrum (Baumgartner Höhe Social Medicine Center - Otto Wagner Hospital and Care Center). The five facilities are now: advancing care, neurology, nursing care, psychiatry and pulmonology.

The center also hosts the Memorial to the History of Nazi-Medicine in Vienna (Gedenkstätte zur Geschichte der NS-Medizin in Wien) and exhibition, opened in May 2002.

In 1938, the Steinhof Mental Hospital (today the Otto Wagner Hospital) became the central "euthanasia killing centre" of Vienna. Until 1941, 7,500 patients were systematically murdered at Steinhof as part of the so-called "Action T4". After the program was officially disbanded, patients died through malnutrition and systematic neglect.

Some 800 ill or handicapped children and youths were murdered by medical personnel in the so-called "Children's Ward".