The bowl of most of the pipes smoked in this area are made of fired and glazed clay with the pipe stem being made of either bamboo root or stalk. The mouth piece can be made of plastic, metal or worked stone. The tobacco pouch can be made of wood but is most often made of water buffalo horn with fine carvings on the surface. The tobacco pouch is often kept with the pipe by rapping the string from the pouch around the stem of the pipe. Wire is often used to hold the pipe bowl in place as the bowl is frequently placed in the coals of a fire to light the tobacco and the fit from the clay bowl and bamboo or wood stem is not always tight.