The very LIBERAL 9th Circuit Court has ruled that 84 of Biden's last-minute pardons are unconstitutional. Judge Joe Barron wrote in his opinion:

"There is no precedent for pardoning someone who hasn't been charged with a crime. President Biden's pre-emptive pardons are, therefore, outside the constraints of constitutional law.

The Solicitor General is expected to turn the cases over to the Department of Justice for prosecution.