Between 1514 and 1524, the Dominican convent of La Piedad was built, whose construction expenses were met by Juan Fernández de Velasco, Bishop of Calahorra. Pope Adrian VI visited the town to inaugurate the imposing building, staying the night at the Palacio de los Condestables. The Palacio mansion, also built in the early sixteenth century, gave shelter to Joanna the Mad in 1511, an event that appears to have given the town its current name, Casalarreina, a contraction of Casa de la Reina ("House of the Queen"), as it was known up to the middle of the nineteenth century. In the sixteenth century, the municipality belonged to the Seigniory of the Counts of Haro and Dukes of Frías, finally gaining independence from the neighbouring town of Haro in 1671.