American Holly (Ilex opaca)
Holly Family (Aquifoliaceae)
American holly is a slow-growing small tree, reaching usually 30-50 ft tall with a dense pyramidal crown. Usually has branches low to the ground. The thin bark is light gray and relatively smooth. The evergreen leathery elliptical leaves are dark green with spines along the margins. The small fragrant male and female greenish white to creamy white flowers occur on different plants and appear in the spring. The round red to orange fruit matures in the fall, but persist into the winter. Found in the eastern US, usually in the understory. Very shade tolerant. It occurs in a variety of soil types from dry to wet and fertile to nutrient-poor. Frequently used as an ornamental tree and decorations for winter holidays. Its pale, light wood has been used for engraving blocks, canes, and furniture. Birds and mammals eat the fruit, which are reputedly poisonous to humans. Larval host for Henrys elfin butterfly. State tree of Delaware. Listed as threatened in PA and exploitably vulnerable in NY.
Copyright Brett Miley
