The Abdulaziz Khan madrasah was built in 1652. Together with the Ulugh Begg madrasah which is situated opposite, it forms a single architectural ensemble called Kosh Madrassah, which is common in Bukhara. These two madrassahs represent two dynasties that once ruled Bukhara – the Timurids and Ashtarkhanids.
Ulughbek Madrassah was built by the Great Temur’s (Tamerlane) grandson Ulughbek, whereas the Madrassah of Abdulaziz Khan bears the name of the Bukharian Emir, Abdulaziz khan, who is the founder of the madrassah.
In Bukharan and Central Asian architecture, the Abdulazizkhan madrasah stands out with its rich decor of facede, portal and interior. The Madrassah was built on the Persian model, with a large courtyard, divided by four iwans. Of great interest is the decoration of walls with genre pictures, which was an innovation in the traditional architecture of that time. The portal of the madrasah is ornamented with the Chinese dragon and Semurg, a legendary Persian bird.