The Honourable Societies of the Inner and Middle Temple are two of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as barristers, the others being the Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn. It is located in the wider Temple area of London, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London.
Comprehensive articles on the Temples can be found on wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Temple and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Temple.