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Dick Osseman | all galleries >> Special Gallery: Carpets and Kilims >> Looms & other apparatus > Adana Ethnography Museum mrt 2008 3006.jpg
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10-MAR-2008

Adana Ethnography Museum mrt 2008 3006.jpg

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A nomad’s loom. Because it has to be moved frequently, the nomad’s looms are smaller than village ones.
The rugs produced on them are narrow, but are often put together to obtain a larger carpet. Generally the weaver will make the second half symmetric to the first half. The carpet on the wall (the left one) is an example of this technique: two long horizontal panels were put together (the seam is horizontal). In this particular case, the symmetry was somewhat lost during the weaving process.

The large carpet is a ‘cicim’, the other (to its right) is a ‘kilim’. Both are of Yörük (nomadic or semi-nomadic) origin. From the Toros Mountains (in the North of the Adana province).

Cicim (pronounced “jijim”) is one of four Anatolian flat-woven rug types; the other three are kilim, zili and sumak/soumak.
The technique used for ‘cicim’ is: on a plain woven underground, a second horizontal coloured weft strand (thicker than the one used for the underground) creates the decorative design, in which diagonal lines dominate. The thickness of the second weft strand causes the impression of a second layer on top of the woven underground, which is – technically spoken – not the case. The technique is sometimes referred to as ‘brocading’.
Many cicim-weaves are from Yörük origin, and 100% wool (no cotton used).

A ‘kilim’ is a kind of flat tapestry-woven carpet.
Kilims are produced by tightly interweaving the warp and weft strands of the weave to produce a flat surface with no pile. Kilim weaves are tapestry weaves, technically weft-faced plain weaves, that is, the horizontal weft strands are pulled tightly downward so that they hide the vertical warp strands.
When the end of a color boundary is reached, the weft yarn is wound back from the boundary point. Thus, if the boundary of a field is a straight vertical line, a vertical slit forms between the two different color areas where they meet. For this reason, most Turkish kilims can be classed as "slit woven" textiles. Slits produce very sharp-etched designs, emphasizing the geometry of the weave. Weaving strategies for avoiding slit formation, such as interlocking, produce a more blurred design image.
The weft strands, which carry the visible design and color, are almost always wool, whereas the hidden warp strands can be either wool or cotton. The warp strands are only visible at the ends, where they emerge as the fringe. This fringe is usually tied in bunches (and sometimes into more elaborate structures), to ensure against loosening or unravelling of the weave.

Correspondent: J.M.Criel, Antwerpen.
Sources: The Kavak Collection of Anatolian Rugs and Weaves, Antwerpen/Belgium & Wikipedia.

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