During Karamanoğlu rule, a double set of city walls were erected: the smaller one, called ‘Orta Kale’ (Middle Castle) had two gates and 40 towers and encircled an area with Iç Kale in its very centre.

On the picture: A short segment of these city walls that has been restored, together with its gate (Pazar Kapısı = Market Gate). 14th century. The mosque is the Kale Camii (16th century).

Correspondent: J.M.Criel, Antwerpen.
Source: ‘Karaman (Tarihi ve Kültürü)’ (Ilhan Temizsoy & M. Vehbi Uysal) – Konya 1981 .