This is a fresh, green Leaf Gall. The primary control is to pick them off before they mature and create more spores. They are more unsightly than harmful.

Leaf and Flower Gall, caused by the Exobasidium species of fungus. This is a 2 pound "crop" picked from one large R. calendulaceum.

This gall is old enough to have a whitish coating. Fungicide has little effect on these galls, although some authorities say a copper sulphate spray in early spring can help..

Scale (either Azalea Bark Scale or Cottony Azalea Scale), said to be difficult to control until these white masses hatch and tiny red crawlers emerge in June.

Scale (either Azalea Bark Scale or Cottony Azalea Scale). Note the lack of foliage and flowers, and overall "unthrifty" appearance of the plant.

Scale (either Azalea Bark Scale or Cottony Azalea Scale), The red crawlers normally emerge in June, and are then susceptible to various insecticides. They are also susceptible to the systemic "Imidacloprid" at any time. See NCSU IPM for more information.

Hydrangea leaf - top surface
Presented for diagnosis by Diane Hamilton

Hydrangea leaf - underneath surface
Presented for diagnosis by Diane Hamilton