Taiwan

Capital	Taipei
Official Language	Taiwanese & Chinese
Area	34,507 kmē
Population	23,036,087
Currency	New Taiwan Dollar (TWD)
IDD Code	+886

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Taiwan is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan (Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Its capital city is Taipei.

The Republic of China, established in mainland China in 1912, governed most of mainland China (without Taiwan, which was then under Japanese rule), then received Taiwan and associated islands from the Empire of Japan under terms of surrender at the end of World War II in late 1945, when both mainland China and Taiwan came under ROC rule for four years until 1949. However, the ROC lost its mainland territory in the Chinese Civil War to the rebel Chinese Communist Party forces who founded People's Republic of China (PRC) on that territory in 1949, and relocated its government to the island of Taiwan, which composes most of its current territory. Therefore the country is now commonly called "Taiwan".