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He was born in 1417, in the canton of Unterwalden, the oldest son of wealthy peasants. At the age of 21 he entered the army and took part in the battle of Ragaz in 1446, and distinguished himself as a soldier in action against the canton of Zurich, which had rebelled against the confederation. He later took up arms again in the so-called Thurgau war against Archduke Sigismund of Austria in 1460. It was due to his influence that the Dominican convent St. Katharinental, whither many Austrians had fled after the capture of Diessenhofen, was not destroyed by the Swiss confederates.[1] At around the age of 30, he married Dorothy Wiss, a farmer's daughter. They farmed in the municipality of Flüeli in the alpine foothills, above Sachseln on the Lake Sarnen. He also continued in the military to the age of 37, rising to the position of captain, reportedly fighting with a sword in one hand and a rosary in the other. After serving in the military, he became a councillor and judge for his canton in 1459 and served as a judge for nine years. He declined the opportunity to serve as Landamman (governor) of his canton.
Political mystic.
After receiving a mystical vision of a lily eaten by a horse, which he recognized as indicating that the cares of his worldly life (the draft horse pulling a plough) were swallowing up his spiritual life (the lily, a symbol of purity), he decided to devote himself entirely to the contemplative life. In 1467, he left his wife and his ten children with her consent and set himself up as a hermit in the Ranft chine in Switzerland, establishing a chantry for a priest from his own funds so that he could assist at mass daily. According to legend, he survived for nineteen years with no food except for the eucharist. Symbolic visions continued to be a feature of his contemplation, and he became a spiritual guide whose advice was widely sought and followed.[3] His reputation for wisdom and piety was such that figures from across Europe came to seek advice from him, and he was known to all as "Brother Klaus." In 1470, Pope Paul II granted the first indulgence to the sanctuary at Ranft and it became a place of pilgrimage, since it lay on the Jakobsweg (English: Way of St. James), the road pilgrims travelled on to Santiago de Compostela in Spain. His counsel prevented a civil war between the cantons meeting at the Diet of Stans in 1481, when their antagonism grew. Despite being illiterate and having limited experience with the world, he is honored among both Protestants and Catholics with the permanent national unity of Switzerland. Letters of thanks to him from Berne and Soleure still survive. When he died, on 21 March 1487, he was surrounded by his wife and children.
Niklaus von Flüe wurde in eine Obwaldner Bauernfamilie geboren. Sein Vater war Heinrich von Flüe, seine Mutter hiess Hemma Ruobert. Von 1440 bis 1444 nahm Niklaus von Flüe als Offizier am Alten Zürichkrieg teil. Nach dem Krieg heiratete er Dorothea Wyss, mit der er zehn Kinder hatte. Er lebte als für damalige Verhältnisse wohlhabender Bauer, war Ratsherr des Kantons und Richter seiner Gemeinde.
1467 – das jüngste Kind war noch kein Jahr alt, der älteste Sohn Hans jedoch schon zwanzig, so dass dieser als Bauer die Familie ernähren konnte – verliess Niklaus mit dem Einverständnis seiner Frau seine Familie, um Einsiedler zu werden. Er pilgerte zunächst Richtung Hochrhein. Nachdem er auf seiner Wanderung der Legende nach im Windental oberhalb Liestals eine Vision erlebt hatte, kehrte er um und liess sich dann in der Ranftschlucht, nur wenige Minuten von seinem Haus, als Einsiedler nieder. Deshalb wird er von der Bildenden Kunst als hagerer, bärtiger Mann mit Stock und dem Bätti dargestellt, einer Gebetsschnur mit 50 Perlen (den Rosenkranz gab es damals noch nicht).
In seiner Klause führte er als Bruder Klaus ein intensives Gebetsleben, der Schwerpunkt seiner Betrachtungen war die Vertiefung in das Leiden Christi. Immer wieder will er von inten