Franciscan friars established Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña (also Mission Concepcion) in 1716.
On October 28, 1835, Mexican troops under Colonel Domingo Ugartechea and Texian insurgents led by James Bowie and James Fannin fought the Battle of Concepción here.

Concepción is the best preserved of the Texas missions. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on April 15, 1970 and is part of San Antonio Missions National Historical Park.
In 2015, UNESCO designated Concepción and four other San Antonio missions, including The Alamo, as a World Heritage Site,
the first in Texas and one of twenty-three such establishments in the United States.